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Ballukraya, P. N.
- Estimation of Runoff for Red Hills Watershed Using SCS Method and GIS
Abstract Views :541 |
PDF Views:116
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Guindy, Chennai – 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Guindy, Chennai – 600 025, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 8 (2011), Pagination: 899-902Abstract
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model was used for the estimation of runoff from an agricultural watershed namely the Red hills watershed, which is about 83.59 km2 and part of Korattaliyar river basin catchment, situated in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu state in India. The results show that a good correlation exists between rainfall and runoff and a minimum of about 66 mm rainfall per month is required to generate runoff in the area.Keywords
Runoff, Red Hills, Soil Conservation Service, WatershedReferences
- Ashish P, Darbal PP, Chowdary VM and Mal BC (2003) Estimation of runoff for agricultural watershed using SCS curves number and Geographic Information System. http://www.gis development.net.
- Chatterjee C, Jha R, Lohani AK, Kumar R and Singh R (2001) Runoff curve number estimation for a basin using remote sensing and GIS. Asia Pacific Remote Sensing GIS J. 4, 1-7.
- Geetha K, Mishra SK, Eldho TI, Rastogi AK and Pandey RP (2008) SCS-CN-based continuous simulation model for hydrologic forecasting. Water Resource. Manag. 22(2), 165–190.
- Gupta RK and Panigrahy S (2008) Predicting the spatio-temporal variation of runoff generation in India using remotely sensed input and Soil Conservation Service Curve Number model. J. Cur. Sci. 95, 1580- 1587.
- Kumar P, Tiwari KN and Paul DK (1997) Establishing SCS runoff curve number from IRS digital database. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 19, 246-251.
- Moglen GE (2000) Effect of orientation of spatially distributed curve number in run off calculations. J. Am. Wat. Reso. Assn. 36, 1391-1400.
- Nayak TR and Jaiswal RK (2003) Rainfall-Runoff modeling using satellite data and GIS for Bebas river in Madhya Pradesh. The Inst. Engn, 84, 47-50.
- Ratika Pradhan, Mohan P. Pradhan, Ghose MK, Vivek S. Agarwal and Shakshi Agarwal (2010) Estimation of Rainfall Runoff using Remote Sensing and GIS in and around Singtam, East Sikkim. Intl. J. Geomatics & Geosci. 1(3), 467- 476.
- Ramakrishnan D, Bandopadhay A and Kusuma KN (2009) SCS-CN and GIS based approach for identifying potential runoff harvesting sites in the Kaliwatershed, Mahi River basin, India. J. Earth Sys. Sci. 118(4), 355-368.
- Sharma T, Satya kiran PV, Singh TP, Trivedi AV and Navalgund RR (2001) Hydrological response watershed to land use changes: Remote Sensing and GIS approach. Intl. J. Remote Sensing. 22, 2095- 2108.
- Soil Conservation Service (1972) Hydrology. National Engineering Hand book, Sec.4, U.S. Govt. Printing office, Washington D.C.
- Over-Exploitation and Pollution of Groundwater: A Case Study from Rasipuram Area, Tamil Nadu
Abstract Views :210 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 56, No 2 (2000), Pagination: 139-150Abstract
Rasipuram and surrounding areas in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu are known to be a zone of historically low groundwater levels, caused by large scale abstraction of groundwater. Study of hydrogeological conditions in the area has helped in identifying parameters that characterise an over-exploited zone. Majority of the dug wells in the area has been rendered unproductive due to lowered groundwater levels. The density of borewells is very high in certain pockets and the depths have been steadily increasing over the years. In the year 1998 the average depth of agricultural borewells was 192m, while that of drinking water borewells was 135m. It is estimated that if the present trend continues, the average depth of agricultural borewells in the year 2020 may reach 270m. The average yield (at the time of drilling) of agricultural borewells, is seen to be approximately the same despite the increasing depths. Over-exploitation of groundwater in the area has caused deterioration in the quality of groundwater with high levels of total hardness noticed in zones having deep groundwater levels. The role of baseflow in maintaining the quality of groundwater is discussed.Keywords
Groundwater, Pollution, Over-Exploitation, Rasipuram Area, Tamil Nadu.- Hydrogeology of Madras City Aquifers
Abstract Views :166 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
P. N. Ballukraya
1,
R. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Madras - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Madras - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 45, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 87-96Abstract
Subsurface lithological mapping has shown the presence of a crystalline rock ridge along the east coast of Madras City, and the aquifer above this ridge shows some characteristic features distinct from those on the western side. The presence of a fresh water ridge along the coast has checked the intrusion of sea water even though water levels are as low as 3m below mean sea level at certian places. Several pockets of brackish ground water have been identified which have been established as due to the presence of tanks and depressions therein. Identification of marine sands below the alluvium in some places gives an idea of the marine transgression that had occurred during Tertiary periods. Studies indicate that most of the alluvium is of estuarine origin, and that the crystalline ridge along with part of the east coast may be updergoing slow uplift.Keywords
Hydrogeology, Madras, Tamil Nadu.- Groundwater Over Exploitation: A Case Study From Moje-Anepura, Kolar District, Karnataka
Abstract Views :205 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Madras - 600 025, IN
1 Dept. of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Madras - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 50, No 3 (1997), Pagination: 277-282Abstract
Over a period of 15 years, as many as 84 bore wells were put into operation within an area of 160 hectares. The consequent groundwater over-exploitation led to serious decline in water levels as well as depth to producing zones resulting in the failure of a large number of borewells. The initial trend of increasing area under groundwater irrigation got reversed due to reduced availability of water. The cropping pattern also changed along with groundwater extraction pattern: from predominantly cereals to cash crops. The depth of borewells drilled has been on the increase each year as shallower aquifers dried up. The yield fluctuation in the pre-and post-monsoon periods has indicated that recharge is largely restricted to about 60m depth and therefore, the optimum depth of borewells in the study area should not exceed this limit. The present practice of tapping deeper fracture aquifers is a case of groundwater mining, without any aonual replenishment occurring and will lead to severe problems in the near future.Keywords
Groundwater, Over-Exploitation, Karnataka.- Characterisation of Groundwater in the Unconfined Aquifers of Chennai City, India. Part 1 - Hydrogeochemistry
Abstract Views :197 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
P. N. Ballukraya
1,
R. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 1 (1999), Pagination: 1-11Abstract
Hydrogeochemical characterisation is a very important aspect of groundwater management. The unconfined aquifer of Chennai city is heavily exploited for meeting the water requirements of the city. Hydrogeochemical investigations carried out showed the existence of diverse hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater. Analysis of the data indicates that the quality of groundwater is related to hydrogeological environment, both in the present and the geological past. Relationship between water level fluctuations and groundwater quality in the area has been established and this is controlled by the lithology of the host rock and overlying material. The enrichment of various ionic constituents in groundwater is controlled by recharge-discharge processes as well as the local environment. Increase of TDS in groundwater after the recharge is observed in predominantly clayey areas while in sandy aquifers, it is seen to decline with recharge. The hydrogeochemistry of the groundwater shows that most of Chennai area can be classified as recharge area pointing to the dominance of vertical recharge processes.Keywords
Groundwater Management, Hydrogeochemistry, Unconfined Aquifer, Chennai.- Characterization of Groundwater in the Unconfined Aquifers of Chennai City, India, Part 2 - Factor Analysis
Abstract Views :175 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
P. N. Ballukraya
1,
R. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 1 (1999), Pagination: 13-22Abstract
Hydrogeological studies of the groundwater in Chennai area have shown that the alluvial aquifers have several geochemical facies with distinct characteristics. Factor analysis of the data has been helpful in characterising these facies, since it is noticed that the factor 1 measures salinity, hardness and alkalinity, while factor 2 measures pollution. It is observed that lithology, land use and hydraulic characteristics exercise significant control on the geochemistry of groundwater. The behaviour of groundwater quality in coastal areas, river banks and surface reservoirs is also well explained by factor scores and many of these form distinct hydrogeochemical facies. The study further shows that the geochemistry of the groundwater in these categories gets much more distinct in the pre-recharge periods indicating the effectiveness of the rock-water interaction in the aquifers.Keywords
Groundwater, Geochemistry, Factor Analysis, Chennai.- Ground Water (1998)
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:135
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology University of Madras, A. C. College Campus Guindy, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology University of Madras, A. C. College Campus Guindy, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 2 (1999), Pagination: 214-215Abstract
No Abstract.- Comparative Study of Analytical and Numerical Methods for Estimation of Aquifer Parameters: A Case Study in Basaltic Terrain
Abstract Views :169 |
PDF Views:108
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai, IN
2 NGRI, Hyderabad, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai, IN
2 NGRI, Hyderabad, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 589-590Abstract
No Abstract.- Tsunami of 16thdecember 2004:Observations at Chennai and East Coast of India
Abstract Views :174 |
PDF Views:168
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 65, No 3 (2005), Pagination: 368-369Abstract
No Abstract.- Sustainable Development of Groundwater in Hard Rock Areas
Abstract Views :159 |
PDF Views:126
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 65, No 3 (2005), Pagination: 378-379Abstract
No Abstract.- Water Balance Studies in the Overexploited Rasipuram Area, TamilNadu
Abstract Views :194 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 63, No 5 (2004), Pagination: 507-514Abstract
Crop water requirement and rainfall recharge factor were used to estimate the recharge and discharge in the over-exploited terrain near Rasipuram. The water balance study shows that the level of groundwater utilization is well over 100%, reaching levels as high as 225%. The spatial pattern of groundwater utilization shows good correspondence with dynamic groundwater level pattern in the area. A comparison of the two indicates the possibility of the presently existing groundwater trough enlarging and moving eastwards in the future, if the present day pattern of groundwater abstraction continues.Keywords
Groundwater Balance, Over-Exploitation, Fracture Aquifer, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu.- Characterizing Bounded and Weathered/Jointed Rock Aquifers: A Case Study from Alathur Village, near Chennai City
Abstract Views :168 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 64, No 6 (2004), Pagination: 784-790Abstract
Presence of a hydrogeological barrrel boundary was identified from the interpretatron of time-drawdown data obtained by conducting pumping test in an area underlain by hard rocks Interpretation of electrical resistivity data also confirmed that a geological boundary exists in the zone identified as barrier boundary, indicating a role for resistivity surveys in the characterization of hard rock aquifers.Keywords
Bounded Aquifer, Pumping Test, Resistivity Investigations, Alathur Area, Tamil Nadu.- Hydrogeological Investigations in Namagiripettai Area, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu
Abstract Views :178 |
PDF Views:132
Authors
Affiliations
1 Geohouse, H.No.2-4-38/C/2, Road No.2, Adarsh Nagar, Nagole, Hyderabad - 500 068, IN
2 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600025, IN
3 Plot 283, 17th East Street, Kamraj Nagar, Chennai - 600 04, IN
1 Geohouse, H.No.2-4-38/C/2, Road No.2, Adarsh Nagar, Nagole, Hyderabad - 500 068, IN
2 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600025, IN
3 Plot 283, 17th East Street, Kamraj Nagar, Chennai - 600 04, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 59, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 183-186Abstract
No Abstract.- Hydrogeophysical Investigations in Namagiripettai Area, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu
Abstract Views :211 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 58, No 3 (2001), Pagination: 239-249Abstract
Results of high-Density vertical electrical soundings in an over-Exploited area show that the borewell yields are not generally correlatable with any of the geoelectrical parameters. Many of the lineaments mapped from satellite imageries could be identified from geoelectrical profiles/Sections, but the same could not be done from spatial distribution maps of either hydrogeological or geoelectrical parameters. Two lineaments could be identified from the depth to bedrock map, though wells along these lineaments do not necessarily have higher yields. It appears that most of the so-Called lineaments mapped from satellite images/Aerial photographs are in reality, not structures controlling groundwater occurrence and movement, at least in an over-Exploited area, where the water-Bearing zones are at considerable depths. However, the usefulness of both the techniques in identifying deep fractured rock zones is established from the results of the study. In view of the pronounced inhomogeneity present in hard rock areas, it is clear that the soundings must be as close as possible to each other in order to get a clear picture of the sub-Surface.Keywords
Groundwater, Lineaments, Resistivity Investigations.- The Looming Water Crisis
Abstract Views :171 |
PDF Views:111
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Dept. of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 64, No 3 (2004), Pagination: 365-366Abstract
No Abstract.- Natural Fresh-Water Ridge as Barrier Against Sea-Water Intrusion in Chennai City
Abstract Views :188 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
P. N. Ballukraya
1,
R. Ravi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Chennai - 600 025, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 52, No 3 (1998), Pagination: 279-286Abstract
Hydrogeological investigations along the Chennai (Madras) coast showed that groundwater levels are lower than mean sea level, often as much as -3 to -6m. However, the quality of groundwater in the near-surface unconfined aquifer, tapped by shallow wells, is reasonably fresh, though deeper wells show distinct signs of sea-water intrusion. Presence of fresh water below mean sea level in the absence of positive fresh water head is not possible in a coast line having hydraulic continuity with the marine environment. Detailed studies show that a narrow fresh water ridge, created by the beach dune complex, exists along the coast. Along most of the beach ridge groundwater abstraction is relatively less and also there is regular recharge into the aquifers from monsoon rains, and thus the static water level remains slightly above mean sea level along a narrow zone for most of the coastline. This fresh water ridge prevents contamination of the shallow aquifer to the west of the ridge, even though the water levels fall below mean sea level in the aquifer. Where the beach area has been urbanized or where there is large-scale abstraction from beach zone, groundwater has been contaminated with saline water as there is no fresh water barrier in such locations. Thus, the beach area has, to a large extent, safeguarded the shallow aquifers from serious saline water intrusion in Chennai city. This is a fortuitous situation which also selVes as a warning not to urbanise beach zones in coastal cities.Keywords
Hydrogeology, Freshwater Ridge, Electrical Conductivity, Coastal Aquifer, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.- Sharp Variations in Groundwater Levels at the Same Location:A Case Study from a Heavily Overexploited, Fractured Rock Aquifer System Near Bengaluru, South India
Abstract Views :251 |
PDF Views:93
Authors
Affiliations
1 University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, IN
2 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru 560 064, IN
1 University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, IN
2 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru 560 064, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 130-138Abstract
Analyses of 83 borehole camera video scans revealed that (i) measured groundwater levels show variations of up to about 200 m, even in borewells located in close proximity to each other; (ii) water-bearing joints located at shallow depths in deeper borewells often produce cascades of water which flow down-hole till they meet the water level; (iii) the downward flow of recharging waters directly through the existing bore-well shafts leads to the formation of a dewatered zone below the recharge zone and above the saturated zone, and (iv) the borewells completed in the dewatered zone show a direct relationship between water level and well depth – deeper the borewell, deeper is the water level. Only the currently yielding borewells, with at least one water-yielding joint below the water level give a fair estimate of the regional groundwater table.Keywords
Borehole Depth, Dewatered Zone, Fractured Rock Aquifer, Groundwater Level.References
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